Sunday, October 30, 2016

Women in the Workplace

            Born on December 9, 1913, in Navsari, Gujarat, Homai Vyarawalla significantly impacted the way people viewed women in the workforce by becoming the first woman photojournalist in India. Vyarawalla was born into a well respected family, who lived in a conservative community. As the article, “The Incredible Story of Homai Vyarawalla” states, But even though her family’s traditional,conservative values may have dictated Homai’s attire, they were far more liberal and open-minded when it came to decisions regarding her life.” She aspired to be a great photographer and studied at J.J. School of Art, where she met her husband, Maneckshaw Vyarawalla. As she learned more about photography and the camera, Homai decided that photojournalism was the job for her. Although, as the article, “The Incredible Story of Homai Vyarawalla,” explains, “The 1930s in India were not a fair time for working women. There was a disparity in wages, certain career choices were assumed fit only for men, and ‘softer’ jobs were recommended for women, if at all. The most common recommendation seemed to be homemaker, but Homai was never met with such resistance in her personal life.” Despite all of this, Homai strived to become a photojournalist.
            Homai got her first big break when she was hired by LIFE magazine to photograph portraits of everyday urban life and modern women living in Mumbai. Although Homai had taken pictures, the editors published the pictures under her husband’s name, since she was a woman and not very well known. Homai did not mind her husband’s name on the pictures, for Maneckshaw was very supportive of his wife and helped Homai find her own style in photography. As Homai’s photography skills grew, so did her opportunities to capture some of the most historical images. As Sabeena Gadihoke states in the article, “Vyarawalla documented the rituals ofIndependence, the building of dams and steel plants and the state visits of the most famous names in 20th-century history, including Mohammed Reza ShahPahlavi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ho Chi Minh, Marshall Tito and Russian leaders Brezhnev and Khruschev.” Homai traveled just like other photojournalists during that time, carrying heavy equipment from place to place, not wanting to miss any of the action. In 1956, Homai was one of the first journalists to get a shot of the young Dalai Lama arriving in India, which then got published in TIME-LIFE. Breaking through the social barriers of the time, Homai Vyarawalla’s work became highly praised and as the article “The Incredible Story of Homai Vyarawalla” states, she gained appreciation from Illustrator Weekly’s editor Stanley Jepson who gave her weekly assignments for Rs. 20 per picture, a relatively high compensation for that time.” 
             In 1942, she moved to Delhi to work for the British Information Service, where she was responsible for photographing all government and private events for the capital. One of her most famous photos was the one she took of Gandhi’s funeral in 1948. This photo was a black and white photograph that Homai had processed herself. Although Homai Vyarawalla was the only woman photojournalist in India during this time, it did not stop her from taking amazing pictures. As the article, “The Incredible Story of Homai Vyarawalla” says, For the next 50 years she documented India gaining independence, voting for partition, and the post-independence growth and struggle of a nation riddled with political, economic, social, religious and cultural conflicts.” She did not let society interfere with her dreams of becoming a photojournalist and was highly respected by her colleagues because of her passion and devotion for the art. Mike Yost states in the article, photographs are the slices of our lives where we can open the old “self sticking” album and find out it no longer sticks. Where memories of our life unfolds before our eyes. We laugh. We cry. We tease each other. Our life is right there. It’s in that printed image that anyone can see.” Over the last 50 years, Homai Vyarawalla captured iconic moments of history that have been shared with the world and have evoked emotions. Homai eventually quit photojournalism, for she was upset and disgusted by her fellow peers. As Haresh Pandya states in the article, My colleagues had all been gentlemen,” she told India Today, “but the new crop did not know how to be have in high society. I did not want to be associated with such riffraff.” After quitting, she moved to Vadodara with her son, living there until she died on January 15, 2012. Homai Vyarawalla was an inspiration to many women and had the ability to address biased gender roles, ultimately paving the way for more women to follow in her footsteps and impact photojournalism.
               With more women entering the workforce in the 21st century, it is surprising how they must still deal with gender discrimination in the workplace. As Professor Nordell states in his video, “women photojournalists,along with women in many different professions have encountered barriers unlike any that their male counterparts have endured.” Women must deal with gender discrimination in many jobs, especially in jobs that are dominated by men. For example, many women in the science field are discriminated against because before the 21st century, jobs such as bioengineering or biologist, were jobs that men typically had. As Rachel Bernstein states in the article, “Stereotypes associating science with men are found across the world, even in supposedly gender-equal nations.” Women, before the 21st century, were expected to either become housewives or have jobs that were more nurturing, such as becoming a teacher or nurse.  As women began to enter the workforce, men had to share the jobs and opportunities with women. Another profession were women face discrimination is in jobs related to sports. I feel that a lot of people associate sports with being a male activity, however females are just as capable as men when it comes to understanding and reporting on sporting events. Men assume that women have no idea what they are talking about when it comes to sports, but that simply is not true. As Mallary Jean Tenore shows in the article, one man told a female sports reporter, “Are you sure you know the game well enough to keep score?” Everyday, women have to deal with comments like this one and must continue to work hard to show people that they are just as capable as men when it comes to doing their job.

















Photo by Unknown
Year Created: 1960
                                
Black and White
       This photo of Homai Vyarawalla is shot in Black and White, making her look almost timeless. If this photo was not in black and white, I think that the color would take away from the subject. Since it is a black and white photo, there are no distractions and the viewer can simply focus on Homai Vyarawalla. The black and white color gives this photo a more serious look, which can represent how serious Vyarawalla was when it came to her work.

Obvious Main Subject
            In this picture, the viewer can tell that the focus is on Homai Vyarawalla, for she is centered and takes up about 2/3 of the image area.  Although there are still other people in the background of the picture, my eye is drawn towards Vyarawalla because she is the biggest. By having her in the middle of the photo, with no one else near her, it represents how she stood alone as a female journalist in India. There was no one else like her.

Subject’s Expression
             In this picture, Homai Vyarawalla looks very serious, as if she is trying really hard to concentrate on what she is watching. It is possible that she is waiting for the perfect moment to capture an image and does not want to miss anything.  The fact that she is standing shows how devoted she is to getting a shot of whatever is happening because there are empty chairs in the back that she could have sat on. I think that her expression in this picture shows just how serious she took her job as a photojournalist.

Why I Chose This Photo:
            I chose this photo because it captured Homai Vyarawalla doing what she loved; taking photos and waiting to capture the perfect shot. This picture shows just how serious Homai Vyarawalla took her job and she looks like she is “in the zone”, concentrating hard on the event taking place. I really like this photo because although she broke society’s view on gender roles, she still wore tradition clothing for women, showing she was still part of the Indian culture. It is interesting to see how this one woman impacted photojournalism in India and paved the way for more women to break barriers and enter the workplace.
























Photo by Homai Vyarawalla
Year Created: 1948          

 In Focus
            In this picture, the car in the center, holding Gandhi’s ashes, is perfectly in focus, while everything towards the edges and in the background is slightly out of focus. I think by having the main subject in perfect focus, it draws the attention toward the car. By having the crowd of people out of focus, they blend into the background, showing the viewer that the main focus should be in the center of the photo.

Quality of Light
            When looking at this image, the car seems to illuminate with light, drawing the attention towards the main subject. There is a good balance between the amount of light on the car and the amount of light shown on the trees and people. The crowd’s color seems to blend into the background, making it look duller than the car. The brightness in the center of the photo really brings out the decorated car. It almost looks as if God’s light is shining down on it.

Contrast Appropriate
            The contrast in this picture is high, where the crowd and the trees behind the car are darker than the car itself. The trees behind the car are really dark, drawing the attention towards the main subject. If the trees were brighter, I think that the car would drown into the background, which would take away from the main subject. I think the color of the crowd has a good contrast with the car because the crowd’s darker color draws the focus to the brightness of the car. The car almost looks like it is glowing, compared with the trees and crowd.

 Why I Chose This Image:
            I chose this image because it was Homai Vyarawalla’s most famous image that she took and I thought it is stunning. The way she was able to capture the light glowing on the car is beautiful and makes the car look as if God is shining light upon Gandhi’s ashes. I also liked this picture because if you look in the crowd, there are no females, only men. That means that she was probably one of the only females who got to witness and document Gandhi’s funeral. This picture marks a historical event and the first woman photojournalist in India was able to capture it.


















Photo provided by U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Year Created: 2015

Keep It Simple
            Although this picture is very simple, it sends a powerful message that women have the capability to work as scientists and do jobs that are typically dominated by men. There is not  really a lot going on in this photo, but it shows a woman who looks serious about her work. By keeping it simple, it draws all the attention to the main subject, the woman.

What Feelings Does the Image Create?
            When looking at this photo, I have a feeling of pride, for women are gradually making great leaps in the 21st century workforce and are able to show people that they are just as capable as men when it comes to doing a job. I think I can really relate to this picture because my sister is a bioengineer and she is one of the only women working in her whole building. She was able to conquer different barriers and has excelled in her field, which is male dominated. This picture just reminds me of how far women have come and how much progress we have made in the last few decades.  

Depth of Field
            In this picture, there is a shallow depth of field, where the subject is very close to the camera and in perfect focus. Since the main subject is so up-close, it allows the viewer to focus all the attention on her, for she is the most important part of the image. By using a shallow depth field, the items around the woman are out of focus, which once again draws our attention to the main subject, highlighting her.

Why I Chose this Image:
            I chose this image because when people think of a scientist, they usually think of a man. However, women have gradually been entering the male dominated workplace, and women are showing that they have the same capabilities as men do when it comes to doing a job. The roles of women are rapidly changing and women should not have to deal with society’s stereotypes of what jobs they are supposed to have. This picture, to me, represents that women should be able to have any job that they desire, and not be intimated by male dominance in the workplace.    


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